Frequently Asked Questions


CHLORINE… ITS PURPOSE AND APPLICATION
Disinfection is the most important single factor in maintaining a swimming pool, which is safe and healthy. Chlorine is the
most widely applied disinfecting agent and used by Splash Pool Services for the disinfection of your residential swimming pool
water.

CONDITIONER OR STABILIZER
Conditioner or stabilizer is an essential chemical used in the proper disinfection of swimming pools. Its chemical name is
cyanuric acid and it forms a protective bond around the chlorine, making it more resistant to being burned off by the sun. This
chemical is typically added during the spring months, but pools with high water loss will also need to be reconditioned
throughout the summer. This is a very expensive chemical and we ask that you DO NOT backwash or clean your filter for five
days after this chemical has been added. Pools should also be stabilized whenever large amounts of fresh water are added. It will
sometimes appear as a white powdered substance on the bottom of the swimming pool, but will dissipate after a few days
(brushing helps).


ALGAE… ITS TYPES AND APPEARANCE
Algae are very tiny plants that grow in untreated water. The air contains millions of algae spores that either settles into the
water or is carried in during rainstorms or by fill water. Once present in water they may be recognized initially, by the
formation of slime on the sides and floor of the pool developing into a general cloudiness in the body of the water. In the
advanced stages of growth, they take on a green color and, if allowed to progress further, will take on a brownish color. Intense
sunlight is very conducive to algae growth by causing increased water temperatures and more rapid loss of residual chlorine.
The following three forms of algae are most commonly found throughout the Southwest Region:


Green Algae
Green algae is the most common form of algae. It appears as a streaky, slimy buildup, first noticeable on steps, in corners, and
on the plastic surfaces of skimmers and return fittings.

Yellow or Mustard Algae
Yellow algae, also known as mustard algae, usually starts on the shady side of the swimming pool. Yellow algae has the same
slimy texture as green algae, but it is more difficult to remove. Yellow algae thrives in shade, and will often appear in covered
pools. This form of algae grows in a long, streaky pattern, appearing on pool walls, in corners, and on steps and love seats.

Black Algae
Black algae is the least common form of algae, but once it blooms it is the most stubborn and is the most difficult of the three to
eradicate. Black algae is a water borne spore, and is carried into your pool through the fresh water used to fill your swimming
pool. Black algae is usually the result of insufficient chlorine levels for an extended period of time. Black algae is most often
found in leaky swimming pools that require near-daily replenishment of pool water. As large amounts of water are added to the
pool, chlorine and stabilizer levels drop, promoting an inviting environment for black algae to form its roots.

Should algae be allowed to gain a foothold in the pool, "shock" treatment is often necessary to remove the growth.

It is commonly known that black algae is so stubborn and resistant and in many cases deeply embedded into the plaster and can
only be controlled and not completely eliminated. An Acid Wash and Chlorine bath dose not always work; sometimes
replastering the surface is required to completely eliminate black algae. In almost all cases, Splash pools water treatment
system can control and many times eliminate the black stuff from your pool. (If anyone can do it our professional chemical
service can)

ALGAE… WHAT CAUSES IT?
Splash Pool Services water treatment system guarantees a crystal clear, algae free swimming pool. However, even when
chemical levels are properly balanced, algae will occasionally appear in a customer’s swimming pool. Algae comes in a variety
of forms, and appears for various reasons.

Algae spores are everywhere: these microscopic single-cell structures are blown into the pool by the wind, washed into the pool
by rainfall, or carried into the pool on swimmers' skin or bathing suits. Under the right conditions, tiny spores will bloom into
those dreaded bright green, mustard yellow, or black discolorations.

Here are the key factors in algae growth:

Inadequate filtration will often lead to algae growth.
Water clarity depends on daily circulation and filtration. Anything that impedes water flow from the pool to the filter -- clogged
skimmer baskets, a dirty or damaged filter, a defective pump motor, or a failure to run the pump for an adequate amount of
time each day -- will encourage algae growth. The first warning sign of a filtration problem is hazy or cloudy water. Left
unchecked, cloudy water can quickly lead to a full-fledged algae bloom.

Algae can develop when little or no chlorine is present.
Sunlight, rainfall, temperature, number of swimmers and frequency of pool use affect the rate of chlorine loss. The lower the
chlorine level, the more likely algae will bloom. Super-chlorination, coupled with the application of conditioner or stabilizer
designed to shield residual chlorine from the effects of heat and sunlight, helps ensure that there is always sufficient chlorine in
the pool. Spas, which are often heated to temperatures well above 100 degrees, are especially susceptible to algae growth.

Algae loves a dirty pool!
Leaves and dirt left on the bottom of the pool for an extended period of time, not only promotes algae but also causes pool
staining. The longer you allow leaves and other debris to sit on your pool floor, the more likely that you'll see algae, and
staining. In an extremely dirty pool, algae will continue to bloom, even when the water chemistry is properly balanced.

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO PREVENT ALGAE?
  • Immediately after using the spa, adjust the valves so that the pool water will flow through the spa when the filtration
    system is running. This will replenish chlorine-dissipated spa water with chlorinated water from the main part of the
    swimming pool.

  • Remove your pool cover one day per week to allow the water to "breathe". For best results, uncover the swimming pool on
    your regular scheduled service day.

  • Periodically check to make sure the water is circulating adequately. Clean or backwash your filter if necessary.

  • Make sure the pump timer is set to run for at least 4 to 5 hours each day in the winter, and 10 or more hours daily
    during the summer months.

  • Contact Splash Pool Services customer service department -- we'll dispatch a service technician to double check chemical
    levels and, if necessary, re-treat the pool! There is never a charge for this service!

  • Make sure your filter is clean and your return lines have strong water flow.

  • Some spots of dead algae may remain on your pool walls, even after chemical treatment. Brushing the pool walls with a
    nylon bristle pool brush will remove dead algae, and help keep live algae from forming. A stainless steel brush should be
    used when dealing with black algae; it is made for this purpose and works great!!


FILTER EFFICIENCY - HOW OFTEN SHOULD I RUN AND CLEAN MY
FILTER?
Water clarity depends on three factors: proper chemical balance, adequate daily circulation, and quality filtration. Your
swimming pool water needs the combination of these three variables to stay crystal clear, algae free and ready for swimming
enjoyment. The filter is designed to trap small particles suspended in the pool water. These small particles are what make
inadequately filtered pool water look hazy or milky.

A dirty filter can have a dramatic effect on circulation. As water passes through the filter, millions of tiny particles cling to the
filtration elements. Eventually, these accumulated particles make it difficult for water to pass through the filter. A dirty filter
can reduce pump efficiency by up to 80 percent. In other words, circulating your water for 10 hours a day when the filter is
dirty is the equivalent of circulating the water for 2 hours a day when the filter is clean. Many times, a homeowner will find
their water is cloudy and greenish, even though the chemical levels are fine, and the pump is running for an adequate amount
of time each day. A dirty or damaged filter is usually the source of the problem.

Since filtration and circulation play such an important role in keeping your swimming pool water clear and properly
maintained, we have included the following standard instruction for the three types of filter systems. Following these
instructions will assist you in keeping your filter system working efficiently and effectively.

1.Sand Filters (Usually a round fiberglass or stainless steel tank)
Run filter system for approximately 1 1/2 hour for every 10 degrees of outside temperature:
Summer 10 to 15 hours per day
Winter 4 or more hours per day

(If pool looks cloudy, run filter until pool clears- then go back to your regular schedule)

"Most filter manufacturers recommend backwashing after a clean filter has built up 5-10 PSI of pressure as indicated on the
pressure gauge". Sand filters take 1 to 4 weeks. Over backwashing can lead to algae problems in the heat of the summer. Please
perform major water exchanges in the cooler months." Report any major water exchanges to your local servicing branch
immediately in order to ensure that the necessary additional chemicals are added.

BACKWASHING SAND FILTERS
Never move the backwash valve when the pump is running
(this will break the parts inside the filter)

  1. Turn off the pump
  2. Turn the multi port or valve handle to the backwash position
  3. Turn on the pump and run system for 2-3 minutes or until water in the sight glass or discharge hose turns clear
  4. Turn off the pump
  5. Place the valve handle in the filter position Turn on the pump Redo the first five steps, two to three times, this will shake
    up the sand and remove more dirt at each backwash cycle
  6. Turn on the pump and open the air relief valve on the top of the filter to bleed all air from the system

B. Have sand in filter replaced or checked every 4 to 5 years. In painted pools sand may need to be replaced annually.
Please have the filter parts (i.e. laterals) checked for cracks or breaks any time the sand is removed, these parts
are under the sand and can only be checked when the sand is removed.

The efficiency of the sand filter, as measured by the largest-sized particle that can pass through it without being caught, is 40-
50 microns. (A micron is a millionth of a meter.) In the past, more sand filters have been installed in some areas because of the
supposed "ease of use" for the pool owner, but drawbacks of the sand filter include:

  • Longer hours of operation are required to properly filter the pool water
  • Filtration efficiency (compared to other types of filters) is inferior, especially in hot climates or when large pollinating
    trees are present
  • Higher chlorine levels are usually required on pools with sand filters to help reduce the risk of the pool water turning
    green
  • Because of frequent high-flow backwashing, this type of filter wastes more water
  • Since homeowners rarely see the inside of the filter, and since the sand usually lasts for years, maintenance on sand
    filters is frequently neglected
  • A common unseen and largely untreated problem are broken or cracked laterals leaving the system virtually
    ineffective. These laterals are located under the sand and cannot be checked without removing the sand from the
    system. Laterals should be checked whenever sand is replaced or when pool filter efficiency is in question.

2. Diatomaceous Earth Filters
Run filter system 1 hour for every 10 degrees of outside temperature:
Summer 8 to 10 hours per day
Winter 4 to 8 hours per day

"Most filter manufacturers recommend backwashing after a clean filter has built up 5-10 PSI of pressure as indicated on the
pressure gauge". D.E. filters typically build up these pressure levels in approximately 1 to 3 months. Over backwashing can
lead to algae problems in the heat of the summer. Please perform major water exchanges in the cooler months." Report any
major water exchanges to your local servicing branch immediately in order to ensure that the necessary additional chemicals
are added.


BACKWASHING D.E. FILTERS WITH A MULTI PORT OR PUSH/PULL VALVE
  1. Shut off the pump
  2. Turn the multi port or valve handle to the backwash position
  3. Roll out your backwash hose or open valve on backwash line
  4. Turn on the pump
  5. Run the system until the water in the sight glass on the multi port becomes clear
  6. Turn to normal filtering.  Run 5 seconds.   Repeat backwash until water clear.
  7. Place the multi port valve handle back in the filter position
  8. Turn on the pump
  9. Pre-coat the filter grids with D.E. powder by adding the recommended amount to the skimmer closest to the filter


BACKWASHING D.E. FILTERS WITH BUMP HANDLES
  1. Turn the pump off
  2. Move the bump handle up and down 10 times
  3. Open the air relief
  4. Open the drain on the bottom of the filter
  5. Allow the water to drain from the filter tank
  6. Turn on the pump
  7. Once the water coming out of the drain turns clear turn off the pump
  8. Turn off the pump
  9. Close the drain on the bottom of the filter tank
  10. Turn on the pump and immediately add the recommended amount of D.E. powder to the skimmer closest to the filter

FRESH D.E. MUST BE ADDED AFTER EACH BACKWASHING!
Diatomaceous Earth (D.E.) filters use a powder called diatomaceous earth to strain out the small tiny particles that pass
through the system. This product is very inexpensive, and readily available at home and garden centers. Each time you
backwash a D.E. filter, you will flush out both accumulated dirt and debris and spent D.E. from the filter canister. Failure to
replace the canister with fresh D.E. can cause severe damage to the internal elements of the filter and will leave the filter
virtually non-effective, since the earth is the primary filtering agent.

There is a simple formula to figure out how much D.E. should be added to your filter. First, determine the size of your filter. The
square feet of filtration area inside the filter canister determine filter size. This number is found on a specifications plate on the
front of the canister. (Most filters carry a filtration area of 36, 48, 60, or 72 square feet.) Using a one-pound coffee can, add one
can of D.E. for every 5 square feet of filtration area. It's OK to round off to the nearest multiple of 5; the filter won't mind a little
extra D.E. A 48 square foot filter requires 10 cans of D.E. A 36 square foot filter will function effectively on 7 cans of D.E.

Even with regular backwashing, D.E. filters accumulate debris and it is a good idea to have your filter dismantled and cleaned
at least once a year. This affords an opportunity to check internal elements for wear and tear, and to ensure that the filter is
working at peak efficiency.

3. Cartridge Filters
A. Run filter system 1 1/2 hour for every 10 degrees of outside temperature:
Summer 10 to 15 hours per day
Winter 6 to 10 hours per day

B. Clean filter cartridges every 2-3 weeks, depending on dirt accumulation
(The day before scheduled chemical service)

CLEANING CARTRIDGE FILTERS
  1. Turn off the pump
  2. Remove cartridge elements from canister and spray clean
  3. Replace clean elements into canister
  4. Turn on the pump and open the air relief on the top of the filter to bleed all air from the system

Have cartridge elements checked every year for wear and tear.

There may be as few as one or as many as fifteen or more cartridge elements inside a cartridge filter. The cartridge elements
are cylindrical, and made of a paper-like fiber. As the water passes through the elements, small tiny particles are collected on
the element material. Cartridges remove smaller debris from the water than sand; its micron rating is about 20 microns. This
filter is cleaned about once every 2 to 3 weeks by removing the elements from the canister and hosing it off using a high-
pressure nozzle.

Drawbacks for the cartridge filter include:
Most cartridge filters are for smaller pools and spas containing approximately 12,000 gallons of water or less.
There is no mechanical method for backwashing these filters - it must be manually disassembled and hosed off.
The cartridge elements need to be replaced as they become old and worn: about every 2 years, which can be expensive,
depending on the size, style and brand of cartridge.
Pools with cartridge filters tend to develop high dissolved solids levels (TDS) faster than sand or D.E. filters, because there is no
water removal via backwashing.

For those of you with cartridge filters, you can improve your filtering efficiency up to 50% by adding 2 coffee cans worth of
Diatomaceous Earth to your filter. Adding the DE through the skimmer with the pump on, and stirring it in the skimmer until
it is totally dissolved accomplish this. Each time you hose down the filter cartridges, you'll have to replenish the DE. Even with
DE coating the cartridges, it's perfectly safe to hose down the filter elements on your lawn. DE is safe for grass and plants.

STAINING - WHY IS IT HAPPENING AND CAN I PREVENT IT?
“The mineral content of your water increases every day. This is due to evaporation, which removes only distilled water and
leaves the minerals behind. In time, these minerals begin depositing on the walls of the pool and we call this gradual buildup
"staining".” excerpt from the “Swimming Pools Water Treatment Professional‘s” Educational series on Water Hardness

Unfortunately it is not possible to prevent staining completely, but here are some tips to help minimize it.

TOTAL HARDNESS
One of the ways to determine amount of minerals in your pool is to perform a total hardness test. This test determines the
amount of minerals like calcium and magnesium that have built up in your pool. You experience these minerals in other
household areas like the crusty build up on you faucets or the water spots on your car. The desert southwest experiences some of
the hardest water conditions in the country. Out of the tap the water is already “hard” because it contains a lot of minerals.
Combine that with some of the highest evaporation rates in the country, estimated at 1-2 inches per week in the winter and up
to 3-4 inches per week in the summer and you’ll see why we have hard water in our swimming pools and spas.

Hardness makes it necessary for you to drain and refill your swimming pool periodically every 3-5 years to reduce the risk of
stains and swimmer irritation.

During the hot summer months, partial draining or long backwash cycles can lead to algae problems due to depletion of
important water sanitizers and stabilizing compounds.

You may call the office at any time to request your current total hardness reading. Our customer service representatives will
explain the process and the cost associated in the draining of your swimming pool. Fresh water keeps your pool healthy!

STAINING
Minerals like calcium and magnesium leave behind white deposits. You may notice white deposits at your water line but not
much when you look at the surface of your pool. Although pools with dark surfaces may occasionally show signs of calcium or
magnesium deposits, the real culprit to staining is dissolved metals. Dissolved metals like copper and iron can discolor a
swimming pools surface and combine with calcium, magnesium and each other to leave various colorations. With higher
hardness, more discolorations can occur.

SOLAR COVERS
Solar pool covers can be very effective in warming the pool water, thus extending the swimming season. Covering the pool in
the early spring will allow you to use the pool sooner. Covering it again in the early fall will allow the pool to maintain a
comfortable temperature longer, thus lengthening the swimming season.

We do not recommend using solar covers during the summer months. Water temperatures in excess of 90 degrees can deplete
the chlorine levels and promote algae growth. The intense heat of the summer sun will also dramatically shorten the life of the
cover.

Splash Pool Services recommend that solar pool covers be removed completely for the entire service day. This allows the
swimming pool to “breathe” and the chemicals to be more effective, If a swimming pool is covered when our service technicians
show up to service the swimming pool, it is our policy to pull back the pool cover approximately four feet from the area where
we are to dispense the chemicals. We will leave it uncovered and ask that is keep that way for at least the entire service day.

The disadvantage of a bubble cover is that they can blow off or away in heavy winds. Also, as you remove the cover the dirt
either falls into the swimming pool or stays on the cover, meaning you have to spread the cover out and clean the cover as well
as the pool. Taking the cover off and putting it back on can be a real chore. Sunlight and chemicals make the plastic brittle,
causing the bubbles to collapse and sending little bits of blue plastic into the pool and circulation system. Bubble covers are only
good for their thermal properties and should not be expected to last for more than 1-2 years.
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